In heterophony, there is only one melody, but different variations of it are being sung or played at the same time. Each voice is an imitation of the other, entering the piece with the same melody.Ī heterophonic texture is rare in Western music. Think of a favorite pop or gospel tune that, near the end, has the soloist "ad libbing" while the back-up singers repeat the refrain.īach's Fugue in D Major is a good example of polyphony, listen for four voices occurring at the same time.
(Even if there is only one melody, if different people are singing or playing it at different times, the parts sound independent.) Rounds, canons, and fugues are all polyphonic.If more than one independent melody is occurring at the same time, the music is polyphonic. Polyphonic music can also be called polyphony, counterpoint, or contrapuntal music. 21, Andante ("Elvira Madigan"), listen for one independent melodic line accompanied by other voices or instruments. A single bagpipes or accordion player playing a melody with drones or chords.A small jazz combo with a bass, a piano, and a drum set providing the "rhythm" background for a trumpet improvising a solo.A singer accompanied by a guitar picking or strumming chords.Most traditional Protestant hymns and most "barbershop quartet" music is in this category. Choral music in which the parts have mostly the same rhythms at the same time is homophonic.
are not independent) or because their main purpose is to fill in the chords or harmony (i.e. But when they are sung or played with the melody, it is clear that they are not independent melodic parts, either because they have the same rhythm as the melody (i.e. They may follow many of the rules of well-written counterpoint, and they can sound quite different from the melody and be interesting to listen to by themselves. In most well-written homophony, the parts that are not melody may still have a lot of melodic interest. All other parts provide accompaniment or fill in the chords. Homophony has one clearly melodic line it's the line that naturally draws your attention. Describing homophonic music you may hear such terms as chords, accompaniment, harmony or harmonies. Homophonic music can also be called homophony. Listen to the monophony in "Llibre Vermell de Montserrat : Advocatam innocemus" by Namur Chamber Choir. Listen for the cello performing a single melody in Bach's Cello Suites. A fife and drum corp, with all the fifes playing the same melody.A group of people all singing a song together, without harmonies or instruments.It is sometimes called monody, although the term "monody" can also refer to a particular type of solo song (with instrumental accompaniment) that was very popular in the 1600s. Monophonic music can also be called monophony. There may be rhythmic accompaniment, but only one line that has specific pitches. Monophonic music has only one melodic line, with no harmony or counterpoint. For specific pieces of music that are good examples of each type of texture, please see below. Here are definitions and examples of the four main types of texture. There are many informal terms that can describe the texture of a piece of music (thick, thin, bass-heavy, rhythmically complex, and so on), but the formal terms that are used to describe texture all describe the relationships of melodies and harmonies. We will focus on monophony, polyphony, and homophony in this course.
In musical terms, particularly in the fields of music history and music analysis, some common terms for different types of texture are: For example, a thick texture contains many "layers" of instruments. Texture is often described in regard to the density, or thickness, and range, or width, between lowest and highest pitches, in relative terms as well as more specifically distinguished according to the number of voices, or parts, and the relationship between these voices. In music, texture is how the melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic materials are combined in a composition, thus determining the overall quality of the sound in a piece.
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